Glossary

SaaS AI is a ready-made vendor model—like ChatGPT Enterprise—fast to deploy but constrained by the vendor’s architecture and roadmap.

Embeddings are numerical representations of text—vectors of hundreds or thousands of floating-point numbers—that capture semantic meaning in a form machines...

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Few-shot prompting leverages AI’s pattern recognition by providing a handful of examples in the prompt, enabling the model to identify patterns and generate...

Fine-tuning continues training a pretrained language model on a smaller, task-specific dataset so it internalizes particular behaviors, styles, or domain...

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Forward-deployed engineering embeds engineers directly with clients to build custom solutions for real-world problems rather than shipping generic products...

A foundation model is a large AI model trained on broad data at massive scale, designed to be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks rather than built...

A fuzzy interface is AI’s adaptive translation layer between rigid organizational systems and human intent, interpreting context and adapting to various...

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Generative AI refers to AI systems that learn statistical patterns from training data to create new content—such as text, images, code, audio, or...

Generative engine optimization (GEO) is the practice of structuring content so AI systems—such as ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, and Bing...

Gravity wells describe economic dynamics where scarce resources flow disproportionately to entities with the greatest ability to pay and deploy, creating...

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Hallucination occurs when a language model generates text that sounds confident and plausible but is factually incorrect, such as invented citations or...

Inference is the process of running a trained model on new input to generate a prediction or output—such as sending a prompt to GPT-4 and receiving a...

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